The National Woman’s Party (originally the Congressional Union) arrived on the suffrage scene in 1916 as NAWSA’s hip younger sister. Its founders, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, pushed NAWSA’s boundaries and its buttons. The NWP believed that adding an amendment to the US Constitution was the only way to enfranchise all women and they were willing to do just about anything to make that happen. They drove NAWSA’s Carrie Chapman Catt to distraction with their pickets and hunger strikes. NAWSA stalwarts believed in a more moderate approach, one that would not alienate important allies. The National Woman’s Party said, “Screw moderation! We want the vote now, damn it!”

These were the women who said, “Damn it.”